Key Insights
The residential land planning and development market, currently valued at $79.32 billion (2025), is projected to experience steady growth, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Increasing urbanization and population growth, particularly in developing economies, are driving a significant demand for new housing. Furthermore, government initiatives aimed at affordable housing and infrastructure development are providing further impetus to the market. Technological advancements in land surveying, urban planning software, and construction techniques are also contributing to increased efficiency and reduced development costs, thereby boosting market expansion. Key players like Barratt, Persimmon, Crest Nicholson, Miller, and Wainhomes are actively shaping the market landscape through strategic acquisitions, innovative project designs, and a focus on sustainable development practices. Competition among these firms is driving innovation and shaping pricing strategies within this sector.

Residential Land Planning And Development Market Size (In Billion)

However, the market is not without its challenges. Stricter building regulations and environmental concerns regarding land usage are placing constraints on development projects. Fluctuations in raw material costs and interest rates can impact profitability and investment decisions. Furthermore, securing necessary permits and approvals often entails navigating complex bureaucratic processes, leading to delays and increased project costs. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for the residential land planning and development market remains positive, driven by the enduring need for housing and ongoing infrastructure investments. The market's future growth will largely depend on addressing these challenges through effective policy measures, technological innovation, and sustainable development practices.

Residential Land Planning And Development Company Market Share

Residential Land Planning & Development Market Report: 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Residential Land Planning and Development market, forecasting robust growth to reach $XX million by 2033. The study covers the historical period (2019-2024), base year (2025), and forecast period (2025-2033), offering invaluable insights for stakeholders, investors, and industry professionals. This report delves into market composition, trends, leading players (including Barratt, Persimmon, Crest Nicholson, Miller, and Wainhomes), and future opportunities, providing a crucial roadmap for navigating this dynamic sector.
Residential Land Planning And Development Market Composition & Trends
This section evaluates the market's competitive landscape, identifying key trends shaping its evolution. We analyze market concentration, revealing the market share distribution amongst key players. For instance, Barratt, Persimmon, and Crest Nicholson collectively held an estimated XX% market share in 2024, highlighting the dominance of large-scale developers. The report further examines innovation catalysts, such as sustainable building practices and technological advancements in land surveying and urban planning. Regulatory landscapes and their impact on development projects are also meticulously analyzed, including an assessment of zoning regulations and environmental impact assessments. Furthermore, the report explores substitute products, examining the competition from alternative housing solutions and their potential market penetration. End-user profiles are detailed, differentiating between individual homeowners, institutional investors, and government agencies. Finally, the report includes a thorough examination of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities, including the analysis of deal values and their impact on market consolidation. Several significant M&A deals exceeding $XX million each were recorded during the 2019-2024 period, signifying the increasing consolidation within the industry.
- Market Share Distribution (2024): Barratt (XX%), Persimmon (XX%), Crest Nicholson (XX%), Miller (XX%), Wainhomes (XX%), Others (XX%)
- M&A Deal Values (2019-2024): Total value exceeding $XX million, with individual deals exceeding $XX million.
- Key Regulatory Factors: Analysis of zoning laws, environmental regulations, and planning permissions across key regions.
Residential Land Planning And Development Industry Evolution
This section analyzes the evolution of the residential land planning and development industry from 2019 to 2033, focusing on market growth trajectories, technological advancements, and shifting consumer demands. The market experienced a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% during the historical period (2019-2024), primarily driven by increasing urbanization and rising demand for housing. We project a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period (2025-2033), fueled by continued population growth, improving economic conditions in key regions, and government initiatives promoting affordable housing. Technological advancements, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are transforming the efficiency and precision of land planning and development. The adoption of these technologies is projected to increase by XX% during the forecast period. Consumer demand is also shifting towards sustainable and eco-friendly housing options, driving the adoption of green building practices and sustainable materials. The report provides a granular analysis of these factors, offering insights into the forces that will shape the future of the industry.
Leading Regions, Countries, or Segments in Residential Land Planning And Development
This section identifies the dominant regions and segments within the residential land planning and development market. The analysis suggests that [Region Name], primarily due to its favorable regulatory environment and robust economic growth, stands as the leading region.
- Key Drivers for [Region Name]'s Dominance:
- Strong Government Support: Significant investments in infrastructure projects and affordable housing initiatives.
- Favorable Regulatory Environment: Streamlined planning processes and reduced bureaucratic hurdles.
- Robust Economic Growth: High disposable income levels driving increased housing demand.
- Large-Scale Development Projects: Significant investments in new housing developments across various segments.
The dominance of [Region Name] is further strengthened by [detailed explanation of specific factors driving growth and market share in this region, including market size, projected growth, and any unique characteristics]. A detailed regional breakdown including market size, growth projections and key trends is provided within the full report.
Residential Land Planning And Development Product Innovations
Recent innovations encompass the integration of smart home technology, sustainable building materials, and modular construction techniques. These advancements enhance energy efficiency, reduce construction time, and improve overall building performance, offering unique selling propositions in a competitive market. The adoption of BIM and GIS technologies has further streamlined design and planning processes, enhancing project accuracy and cost-effectiveness. Performance metrics, such as reduced construction timelines and improved energy efficiency, are quantified in the full report.
Propelling Factors for Residential Land Planning And Development Growth
Several factors contribute to the market's growth. Government initiatives promoting affordable housing, coupled with sustained economic growth and urbanization, are key drivers. Technological advancements, like BIM and GIS, are increasing efficiency and reducing project timelines. Moreover, changing consumer preferences towards sustainable housing options fuel the demand for eco-friendly developments.
Obstacles in the Residential Land Planning And Development Market
Challenges include stringent regulatory requirements that can delay projects and increase costs. Supply chain disruptions, particularly in the procurement of building materials, can impact project timelines and budgets. Furthermore, intense competition among developers can put downward pressure on profit margins. The cumulative impact of these factors can translate into delays, cost overruns, and reduced profitability.
Future Opportunities in Residential Land Planning And Development
Emerging opportunities include the growing demand for sustainable and affordable housing, and the expansion into new markets. The integration of smart home technologies and the increasing adoption of modular construction techniques offer significant potential for growth and innovation. Furthermore, leveraging technological advancements to optimize resource management and reduce environmental impact will create new avenues for sustainable development.
Major Players in the Residential Land Planning And Development Ecosystem
- Barratt
- Persimmon
- Crest Nicholson
- Miller
- Wainhomes
Key Developments in Residential Land Planning And Development Industry
- 2022 Q3: Introduction of new building codes emphasizing energy efficiency in [Region Name].
- 2023 Q1: Merger between [Company A] and [Company B], resulting in a combined market share of XX%.
- 2024 Q2: Launch of a new sustainable housing development by [Company Name] featuring innovative green building technologies.
Strategic Residential Land Planning And Development Market Forecast
The residential land planning and development market is poised for continued growth, driven by urbanization, economic expansion, and technological advancements. The increasing demand for sustainable and affordable housing, coupled with government support and innovative construction techniques, will shape the market's trajectory in the coming years. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates substantial growth, with significant potential for market expansion and increased investment.
Residential Land Planning And Development Segmentation
-
1. Application
- 1.1. Commercial
- 1.2. Institutional
- 1.3. Others
-
2. Types
- 2.1. Houses And Housing Estate Developments
- 2.2. Apartments Developments
- 2.3. Others
Residential Land Planning And Development Segmentation By Geography
-
1. North America
- 1.1. United States
- 1.2. Canada
- 1.3. Mexico
-
2. South America
- 2.1. Brazil
- 2.2. Argentina
- 2.3. Rest of South America
-
3. Europe
- 3.1. United Kingdom
- 3.2. Germany
- 3.3. France
- 3.4. Italy
- 3.5. Spain
- 3.6. Russia
- 3.7. Benelux
- 3.8. Nordics
- 3.9. Rest of Europe
-
4. Middle East & Africa
- 4.1. Turkey
- 4.2. Israel
- 4.3. GCC
- 4.4. North Africa
- 4.5. South Africa
- 4.6. Rest of Middle East & Africa
-
5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. China
- 5.2. India
- 5.3. Japan
- 5.4. South Korea
- 5.5. ASEAN
- 5.6. Oceania
- 5.7. Rest of Asia Pacific

Residential Land Planning And Development Regional Market Share

Geographic Coverage of Residential Land Planning And Development
Residential Land Planning And Development REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
| Aspects | Details |
|---|---|
| Study Period | 2020-2034 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Estimated Year | 2026 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2034 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Growth Rate | CAGR of 3.4% from 2020-2034 |
| Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Residential Land Planning And Development Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 5.1.1. Commercial
- 5.1.2. Institutional
- 5.1.3. Others
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 5.2.1. Houses And Housing Estate Developments
- 5.2.2. Apartments Developments
- 5.2.3. Others
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. North America
- 5.3.2. South America
- 5.3.3. Europe
- 5.3.4. Middle East & Africa
- 5.3.5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6. North America Residential Land Planning And Development Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6.1.1. Commercial
- 6.1.2. Institutional
- 6.1.3. Others
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 6.2.1. Houses And Housing Estate Developments
- 6.2.2. Apartments Developments
- 6.2.3. Others
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 7. South America Residential Land Planning And Development Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 7.1.1. Commercial
- 7.1.2. Institutional
- 7.1.3. Others
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 7.2.1. Houses And Housing Estate Developments
- 7.2.2. Apartments Developments
- 7.2.3. Others
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 8. Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 8.1.1. Commercial
- 8.1.2. Institutional
- 8.1.3. Others
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 8.2.1. Houses And Housing Estate Developments
- 8.2.2. Apartments Developments
- 8.2.3. Others
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 9. Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 9.1.1. Commercial
- 9.1.2. Institutional
- 9.1.3. Others
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 9.2.1. Houses And Housing Estate Developments
- 9.2.2. Apartments Developments
- 9.2.3. Others
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 10. Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 10.1.1. Commercial
- 10.1.2. Institutional
- 10.1.3. Others
- 10.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 10.2.1. Houses And Housing Estate Developments
- 10.2.2. Apartments Developments
- 10.2.3. Others
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 11. Competitive Analysis
- 11.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2025
- 11.2. Company Profiles
- 11.2.1 Barratt
- 11.2.1.1. Overview
- 11.2.1.2. Products
- 11.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.2 Persimmon
- 11.2.2.1. Overview
- 11.2.2.2. Products
- 11.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.3 Crest Nicholson
- 11.2.3.1. Overview
- 11.2.3.2. Products
- 11.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.4 Miller
- 11.2.4.1. Overview
- 11.2.4.2. Products
- 11.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.5 Wainhomes
- 11.2.5.1. Overview
- 11.2.5.2. Products
- 11.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.1 Barratt
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Breakdown (million, %) by Region 2025 & 2033
- Figure 2: North America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 3: North America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 4: North America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 5: North America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 6: North America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 7: North America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 8: South America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 9: South America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 10: South America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 11: South America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 12: South America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 13: South America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 14: Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 15: Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 16: Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 17: Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 18: Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 19: Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 20: Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 21: Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 22: Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 23: Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 24: Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 25: Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 26: Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 27: Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 28: Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 29: Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Types 2025 & 2033
- Figure 30: Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 31: Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 2: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 3: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2020 & 2033
- Table 4: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 5: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 6: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2020 & 2033
- Table 7: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 8: United States Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 9: Canada Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 10: Mexico Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 11: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 12: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2020 & 2033
- Table 13: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 14: Brazil Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 15: Argentina Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 16: Rest of South America Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 17: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 18: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2020 & 2033
- Table 19: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 20: United Kingdom Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 21: Germany Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 22: France Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 23: Italy Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 24: Spain Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 25: Russia Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 26: Benelux Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 27: Nordics Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 28: Rest of Europe Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 29: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 30: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2020 & 2033
- Table 31: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 32: Turkey Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 33: Israel Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 34: GCC Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 35: North Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 36: South Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 37: Rest of Middle East & Africa Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 38: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 39: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2020 & 2033
- Table 40: Global Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 41: China Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 42: India Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 43: Japan Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 44: South Korea Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 45: ASEAN Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 46: Oceania Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 47: Rest of Asia Pacific Residential Land Planning And Development Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Residential Land Planning And Development?
The projected CAGR is approximately 3.4%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Residential Land Planning And Development?
Key companies in the market include Barratt, Persimmon, Crest Nicholson, Miller, Wainhomes.
3. What are the main segments of the Residential Land Planning And Development?
The market segments include Application, Types.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 79320 million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
N/A
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
N/A
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
N/A
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 2900.00, USD 4350.00, and USD 5800.00 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Residential Land Planning And Development," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Residential Land Planning And Development report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Residential Land Planning And Development?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Residential Land Planning And Development, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence

