Key Insights
The North American freight transport by road market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the burgeoning e-commerce sector, increasing cross-border trade, and a steady expansion of the manufacturing and construction industries. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 13.50% indicates significant potential for expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key market segments contributing to this growth include full-truckload (FTL) shipments, driven by the need for efficient long-haul transportation of large quantities of goods, and temperature-controlled transportation, essential for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The United States holds the largest market share within North America, followed by Canada and Mexico. Growth is further fueled by technological advancements in fleet management, route optimization software, and autonomous driving technologies, which enhance efficiency and reduce operational costs. However, challenges remain, including fluctuating fuel prices, driver shortages, and increasingly stringent environmental regulations, which could potentially moderate growth in the coming years. The diverse range of goods transported, encompassing fluid and solid goods across various sectors from agriculture to oil and gas, necessitates a flexible and adaptable transportation network. Furthermore, the ongoing expansion of infrastructure projects aimed at improving road networks will undoubtedly contribute positively to market growth.
The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of large multinational corporations and regional players. Major companies like A.P. Moller-Maersk, XPO Inc., and Old Dominion Freight Line are vying for market share through strategic acquisitions, technological investments, and expansion into new service areas. The increasing demand for specialized services, such as temperature-controlled transportation and specialized handling for sensitive goods, presents opportunities for companies that can offer tailored solutions. The market's fragmentation necessitates a focus on building strong customer relationships, optimizing logistics networks, and offering value-added services to maintain a competitive edge. Continued investment in sustainability initiatives, aimed at reducing carbon emissions and improving environmental performance, is expected to become increasingly important in attracting customers and aligning with government regulations.

North America Freight Transport by Road Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This insightful report provides a detailed analysis of the North America freight transport by road market, encompassing historical data (2019-2024), the current market (2025), and a comprehensive forecast (2025-2033). It offers invaluable insights for stakeholders, investors, and industry professionals seeking a deep understanding of this dynamic sector. The market is valued at xx Million in 2025 and is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx%.
North America Freight Transport by Road Market Market Composition & Trends
The North American freight transport by road market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape, with major players like A P Moller - Maersk, XPO Inc, Old Dominion Freight Line, and FedEx holding significant market share. The market share distribution is as follows: XPO Inc (xx%), Old Dominion Freight Line (xx%), FedEx (xx%), and others (xx%). Innovation is driven by advancements in technology, such as AI-powered route optimization and autonomous vehicles. Stringent regulations regarding safety, emissions, and driver hours significantly impact operational costs and efficiency. Substitute modes of transport, including rail and air freight, exert competitive pressure. The market sees significant M&A activity, with deals totaling xx Million in the past five years. Recent examples include Ryder System's acquisition of Impact Fulfillment Services (October 2023) which expands its supply chain services and the joint venture between Volvo, Renault, and CMA CGM to develop electric vans (October 2023). End-user industries like manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and construction represent the largest market segments.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated with significant players holding substantial market share.
- Innovation Catalysts: Technological advancements in route optimization, autonomous driving, and fleet management systems.
- Regulatory Landscape: Stringent regulations concerning safety, emissions, and driver hours.
- Substitute Products: Rail and air freight pose competitive threats.
- End-User Profiles: Manufacturing, wholesale/retail, and construction are dominant segments.
- M&A Activities: Significant activity with total deal value of xx Million over the past five years.

North America Freight Transport by Road Market Industry Evolution
The North American freight transport by road market has experienced steady growth over the historical period (2019-2024), driven primarily by increasing e-commerce activity, robust economic growth, and the expansion of cross-border trade. However, growth has faced challenges, including fluctuating fuel prices, driver shortages, and supply chain disruptions. Technological advancements, such as the adoption of telematics and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), are improving operational efficiency and safety. Shifts in consumer demand toward faster delivery times and increased transparency are shaping logistics strategies. The market is witnessing a growing adoption of sustainable practices, including the use of electric and alternative fuel vehicles. The industry is characterized by significant investment in technological upgrades and infrastructure improvements, further driving market growth. Growth rates have fluctuated; from 2019 to 2024, the average annual growth rate was xx%, with significant increases in years of robust economic performance and decreases in years of significant supply chain disruptions. The market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by factors outlined above. Technological advancements like C.H. Robinson's new AI-powered appointment scheduling system are enhancing efficiency, and the push towards sustainable practices will reshape the industry, attracting further investment.
Leading Regions, Countries, or Segments in North America Freight Transport by Road Market
- Dominant Region/Country: The United States accounts for the largest share of the market due to its extensive road network, robust economy, and high volume of freight movement.
- Dominant Segments:
- Containerization: Containerized freight dominates due to its efficiency and standardization.
- Distance: Long-haul transportation holds a larger market share compared to short-haul.
- Goods Configuration: Solid goods transportation represents a larger portion of the market than fluid goods.
- Temperature Control: Non-temperature-controlled transportation constitutes the majority.
- End-User Industry: Manufacturing and wholesale/retail trade drive the majority of demand.
- Destination: Domestic transportation constitutes a significantly larger market share than international transportation.
- Truckload Specification: Full-Truckload (FTL) dominates the market due to its cost-effectiveness for larger shipments.
Key Drivers:
- Robust economic growth in the US.
- Extensive road infrastructure.
- High volume of goods movement.
- Growing e-commerce sector.
- Investment in technological advancements.
North America Freight Transport by Road Market Product Innovations
Recent innovations focus on enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This includes the integration of telematics for real-time tracking and fleet management, the adoption of driver-assistance systems to improve safety, and the deployment of electric and alternative fuel vehicles to reduce emissions. The development of sophisticated route optimization software, using AI to minimize fuel consumption and delivery times, is significantly impacting market players' competitiveness. New technologies such as C.H. Robinson’s AI-powered appointment scheduling are key examples, and the industry is rapidly moving to capitalize on such advancements.
Propelling Factors for North America Freight Transport by Road Market Growth
The market's growth is driven by several key factors: robust economic growth in North America, particularly in the US, fueling increased demand for freight transportation; the expansion of e-commerce, creating a surge in last-mile delivery requirements; and ongoing investments in road infrastructure improvements, facilitating smoother and more efficient transportation. Further growth is supported by the increasing adoption of technological advancements, streamlining logistics and enhancing operational efficiencies, and favorable government policies promoting trade and economic activity.
Obstacles in the North America Freight Transport by Road Market Market
The market faces challenges including the persistent driver shortage leading to increased labor costs and capacity constraints; fluctuating fuel prices impacting operational expenses; and supply chain disruptions affecting delivery times and overall efficiency. Stringent regulatory requirements regarding safety and emissions add to operational complexities and costs. Intense competition among players adds pressure on profit margins.
Future Opportunities in North America Freight Transport by Road Market
Future opportunities lie in expanding into emerging markets, particularly in the rapidly developing e-commerce sector. The adoption of autonomous driving technology offers significant potential for increased efficiency and reduced labor costs. Further growth will be seen in sustainable transportation solutions, including electric and alternative fuel vehicles, and enhanced last-mile delivery solutions to meet the demands of increasing online shopping.
Major Players in the North America Freight Transport by Road Market Ecosystem
- A P Moller - Maersk
- XPO Inc
- Old Dominion Freight Line
- Landstar System Inc
- DHL Group
- DSV A/S (De Sammensluttede Vognmænd af Air and Sea)
- Yellow Corporation
- FedEx
- Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc
- United Parcel Service of America Inc (UPS)
- Werner Enterprises
- C H Robinson
- ArcBest®
- Schneider National Inc
- J B Hunt Transport Inc
- Ryder System Inc
- CMA CGM Group
Key Developments in North America Freight Transport by Road Market Industry
- October 2023: Ryder System acquires Impact Fulfillment Services, expanding its supply chain capabilities. This significantly enhances Ryder's service offerings, boosting its competitiveness and market share.
- October 2023: Volvo, Renault, and CMA CGM announce a joint venture to develop electric vans, signaling a shift towards sustainable transportation and impacting the market's environmental trajectory. This positions them strongly in the emerging green logistics segment.
- February 2024: C.H. Robinson launches new AI-powered appointment scheduling technology, increasing efficiency and potentially setting a new standard for the industry, enhancing their competitiveness and operational efficiency.
Strategic North America Freight Transport by Road Market Market Forecast
The North American freight transport by road market is poised for continued growth, driven by technological advancements, increasing e-commerce activity, and the ongoing need for efficient and reliable transportation solutions. The adoption of sustainable practices and autonomous vehicles will further shape the market landscape. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates steady expansion, with significant opportunities for companies that can adapt to evolving consumer demands and integrate innovative technologies. The market will experience substantial expansion, creating lucrative prospects for businesses able to leverage technological advancements and cater to the ever-growing demands of the e-commerce sector.
North America Freight Transport by Road Market Segmentation
-
1. End User Industry
- 1.1. Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry
- 1.2. Construction
- 1.3. Manufacturing
- 1.4. Oil and Gas, Mining and Quarrying
- 1.5. Wholesale and Retail Trade
- 1.6. Others
-
2. Destination
- 2.1. Domestic
- 2.2. International
-
3. Truckload Specification
- 3.1. Full-Truck-Load (FTL)
- 3.2. Less than-Truck-Load (LTL)
-
4. Containerization
- 4.1. Containerized
- 4.2. Non-Containerized
-
5. Distance
- 5.1. Long Haul
- 5.2. Short Haul
-
6. Goods Configuration
- 6.1. Fluid Goods
- 6.2. Solid Goods
-
7. Temperature Control
- 7.1. Non-Temperature Controlled
North America Freight Transport by Road Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. North America
- 1.1. United States
- 1.2. Canada
- 1.3. Mexico

North America Freight Transport by Road Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 13.50% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. 4.; Increase demand of Petrochemical is driving the market4.; Increase in Investments is driving the market
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. 4.; High Cost of Operations
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. North America Freight Transport by Road Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User Industry
- 5.1.1. Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry
- 5.1.2. Construction
- 5.1.3. Manufacturing
- 5.1.4. Oil and Gas, Mining and Quarrying
- 5.1.5. Wholesale and Retail Trade
- 5.1.6. Others
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Destination
- 5.2.1. Domestic
- 5.2.2. International
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Truckload Specification
- 5.3.1. Full-Truck-Load (FTL)
- 5.3.2. Less than-Truck-Load (LTL)
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Containerization
- 5.4.1. Containerized
- 5.4.2. Non-Containerized
- 5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Distance
- 5.5.1. Long Haul
- 5.5.2. Short Haul
- 5.6. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Goods Configuration
- 5.6.1. Fluid Goods
- 5.6.2. Solid Goods
- 5.7. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Temperature Control
- 5.7.1. Non-Temperature Controlled
- 5.8. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.8.1. North America
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User Industry
- 6. United States North America Freight Transport by Road Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. Canada North America Freight Transport by Road Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. Mexico North America Freight Transport by Road Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. Rest of North America North America Freight Transport by Road Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Competitive Analysis
- 10.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 10.2. Company Profiles
- 10.2.1 A P Moller - Maersk
- 10.2.1.1. Overview
- 10.2.1.2. Products
- 10.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.2 XPO Inc
- 10.2.2.1. Overview
- 10.2.2.2. Products
- 10.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.3 Old Dominion Freight Line
- 10.2.3.1. Overview
- 10.2.3.2. Products
- 10.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.4 Landstar System Inc
- 10.2.4.1. Overview
- 10.2.4.2. Products
- 10.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.5 DHL Group
- 10.2.5.1. Overview
- 10.2.5.2. Products
- 10.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.6 DSV A/S (De Sammensluttede Vognmænd af Air and Sea)
- 10.2.6.1. Overview
- 10.2.6.2. Products
- 10.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.7 Yellow Corporatio
- 10.2.7.1. Overview
- 10.2.7.2. Products
- 10.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.8 FedEx
- 10.2.8.1. Overview
- 10.2.8.2. Products
- 10.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.9 Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc
- 10.2.9.1. Overview
- 10.2.9.2. Products
- 10.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.10 United Parcel Service of America Inc (UPS)
- 10.2.10.1. Overview
- 10.2.10.2. Products
- 10.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.11 Werner Enterprises
- 10.2.11.1. Overview
- 10.2.11.2. Products
- 10.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.12 C H Robinson
- 10.2.12.1. Overview
- 10.2.12.2. Products
- 10.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.13 ArcBest®
- 10.2.13.1. Overview
- 10.2.13.2. Products
- 10.2.13.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.13.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.13.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.14 Schneider National Inc
- 10.2.14.1. Overview
- 10.2.14.2. Products
- 10.2.14.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.14.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.14.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.15 J B Hunt Transport Inc
- 10.2.15.1. Overview
- 10.2.15.2. Products
- 10.2.15.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.15.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.15.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.16 Ryder System Inc
- 10.2.16.1. Overview
- 10.2.16.2. Products
- 10.2.16.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.16.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.16.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.17 CMA CGM Group
- 10.2.17.1. Overview
- 10.2.17.2. Products
- 10.2.17.3. SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.17.4. Recent Developments
- 10.2.17.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 10.2.1 A P Moller - Maersk
List of Figures
- Figure 1: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Destination 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Truckload Specification 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Containerization 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Distance 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Goods Configuration 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Temperature Control 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: United States North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Canada North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Mexico North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Rest of North America North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Destination 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Truckload Specification 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Containerization 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Distance 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Goods Configuration 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Temperature Control 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: United States North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Canada North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Mexico North America Freight Transport by Road Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the North America Freight Transport by Road Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 13.50%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the North America Freight Transport by Road Market?
Key companies in the market include A P Moller - Maersk, XPO Inc, Old Dominion Freight Line, Landstar System Inc, DHL Group, DSV A/S (De Sammensluttede Vognmænd af Air and Sea), Yellow Corporatio, FedEx, Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings Inc, United Parcel Service of America Inc (UPS), Werner Enterprises, C H Robinson, ArcBest®, Schneider National Inc, J B Hunt Transport Inc, Ryder System Inc, CMA CGM Group.
3. What are the main segments of the North America Freight Transport by Road Market?
The market segments include End User Industry, Destination, Truckload Specification, Containerization, Distance, Goods Configuration, Temperature Control.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
4.; Increase demand of Petrochemical is driving the market4.; Increase in Investments is driving the market.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
4.; High Cost of Operations.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
February 2024: C.H. Robinson has developed a new technology that creates a major efficiency in freight shipping: removing the work of scheduling an appointment at the place where a load needs to be picked up and scheduling another appointment where the load needs to be delivered. The technology also uses artificial intelligence to determine the optimal appointment, based on transit-time data from C.H. Robinson’s millions of shipments across 300,000 shipping lanes.October 2023: Ryder System has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire IFS Holdings, known as Impact Fulfillment Services. The 3PL provides a range of services, including contract packaging and manufacturing, warehousing and more. The deal aims to expand Ryder’s supply chain services by adding 15 operations across nine states, involving California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas and Utah.October 2023: Truck and industrial equipment maker Volvo, auto maker Renault, and shipping giant CMA CGM unveiled a joint venture that would create a company aimed at developing a new series of electric vans. The partnership would provide electric urban transportation for companies in the logistics and transportation sector seeking to decarbonize their fleets.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "North America Freight Transport by Road Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the North America Freight Transport by Road Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the North America Freight Transport by Road Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the North America Freight Transport by Road Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence