Key Insights
The Location as a Service (LaaS) industry is experiencing rapid growth, projected to reach a market size of $50.85 billion in 2025, expanding at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 24.11%. This robust expansion is fueled by several key drivers. The increasing adoption of IoT devices and the proliferation of location-based services across various sectors, notably FMCG, e-commerce, and transportation, are significantly contributing to this market surge. Furthermore, the rising demand for real-time location tracking and analytics for improved operational efficiency and enhanced customer experiences across industries like healthcare and logistics is bolstering market growth. The shift towards cloud-based location services offers scalability and cost-effectiveness, attracting a broader range of businesses. Technological advancements such as improved GPS accuracy, the development of indoor positioning systems, and the integration of advanced mapping technologies are also significant factors propelling the LaaS market forward. The segmentation of the market by location (indoor/outdoor) and service type (professional/managed) reflects the diverse applications and service models available to cater to specific industry needs.
However, challenges remain. Data security and privacy concerns related to location data are a persistent restraint. The need for high-quality, reliable location data, often requiring significant infrastructure investments, can pose a barrier to entry for smaller players. Integration complexities with existing systems and the need for skilled professionals to manage and interpret location data also present obstacles to widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the LaaS market remains positive. The continuous innovation in location technologies, expanding applications across diverse industries, and increasing demand for real-time location intelligence are poised to drive further market expansion in the coming years. The market's geographical spread, with strong growth predicted across North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region, further underlines its global appeal and potential. The competitive landscape, characterized by established players like Google, IBM, and Cisco alongside innovative startups, is likely to further enhance market dynamism and technological progress.

Location as a Service (LaaS) Industry Market Report: 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Location as a Service (LaaS) industry, offering invaluable insights for stakeholders seeking to navigate this rapidly evolving market. With a study period spanning 2019-2033, a base and estimated year of 2025, and a forecast period of 2025-2033, this report meticulously examines market trends, key players, technological advancements, and future opportunities. The LaaS market is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, showcasing significant growth potential.
Location as a Service Industry Market Composition & Trends
This section delves into the competitive landscape of the LaaS industry, evaluating market concentration, innovation drivers, regulatory factors, and M&A activity. The market exhibits a moderately concentrated structure, with key players like Google LLC, HERE Global BV, and IBM Corporation holding significant market share. However, the emergence of innovative startups and technological advancements continues to reshape the competitive dynamics. The report analyzes the impact of evolving regulations on data privacy and security, explores substitute products, and profiles end-users across diverse sectors.
- Market Share Distribution (2024): Google LLC (xx%), HERE Global BV (xx%), IBM Corporation (xx%), Others (xx%).
- M&A Activity (2019-2024): A total of xx Million USD in M&A deals were recorded, driven primarily by strategic acquisitions aiming to expand capabilities and market reach. Examples include [Specific examples of M&A activity with deal values if available, otherwise use predicted values].
- Innovation Catalysts: Advancements in technologies such as AI, IoT, and 5G are fueling the development of sophisticated LaaS solutions with enhanced accuracy and real-time capabilities.
- Regulatory Landscape: Growing concerns regarding data privacy and security are shaping the regulatory landscape, impacting the adoption and deployment of LaaS solutions.

Location as a Service Industry Industry Evolution
This section analyzes the evolution of the LaaS industry, charting its growth trajectory and identifying key technological advancements that have influenced market development. The historical period (2019-2024) saw a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of xx%, driven by increasing demand for location-based services across various sectors. Technological advancements, particularly in GPS, mapping technologies, and data analytics, have improved the accuracy, reliability, and functionality of LaaS solutions. This has led to higher adoption rates and expanded use cases across various industries. Shifting consumer demands, including expectations for personalized experiences and seamless digital integration, have further accelerated industry growth. The report projects a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by the continued adoption of location-based technologies.
Leading Regions, Countries, or Segments in Location as a Service Industry
This section pinpoints the leading regions, countries, and segments within the LaaS market. Analysis encompasses By Location (Indoor, Outdoor), By Service Type (Professional, Managed), and By End-user Industry (FMCG and E-commerce, Retail, Healthcare, IT and Telecom, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Other End-user Industries). The North American market currently holds a leading position, driven by strong technological advancements and high adoption rates across various sectors.
- By Location: Outdoor LaaS currently dominates, but indoor location services are experiencing rapid growth, fuelled by advancements in indoor positioning technologies.
- By Service Type: Managed services are prevalent due to cost-effectiveness and expertise offered by providers.
- By End-user Industry: The Retail and Transportation sectors are key drivers, benefiting from improved logistics, supply chain optimization, and enhanced customer experiences.
- Key Drivers for Retail: Investment in omnichannel strategies, increasing customer demand for personalized experiences, and improved inventory management.
- Key Drivers for Transportation: Growing adoption of smart logistics, demand for real-time tracking, and improvements in navigation and route optimization.
Location as a Service Industry Product Innovations
Recent innovations in LaaS include the development of highly accurate indoor positioning systems, integration of AI-powered analytics for improved data insights, and the use of edge computing for faster processing and real-time decision-making. These innovations enhance the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of location-based services, leading to improved user experiences and operational efficiencies across various applications. Unique selling propositions focus on delivering real-time data, seamless integration with existing systems, and enhanced personalization capabilities.
Propelling Factors for Location as a Service Industry Growth
Growth in the LaaS market is being fueled by technological advancements such as the widespread adoption of 5G and IoT, fostering the development of precise, real-time location data. Increased government initiatives for smart city projects and the rising popularity of location-based apps among consumers are also contributing to the market's expansion. Economic factors such as the decreasing cost of sensors and data storage are further boosting adoption.
Obstacles in the Location as a Service Industry Market
The LaaS market faces challenges including concerns surrounding data privacy and security, particularly with the rise of GDPR and CCPA regulations. Supply chain disruptions can also hinder the timely delivery of hardware and software components needed for LaaS deployments. Intense competition among numerous providers necessitates continuous innovation and cost optimization. These factors can lead to fluctuating market growth and the need for enhanced cybersecurity measures.
Future Opportunities in Location as a Service Industry
Emerging opportunities lie in integrating LaaS with extended reality (XR) technologies for immersive experiences, and leveraging AI and machine learning for enhanced predictive analytics. The growing adoption of autonomous vehicles and the expansion into new vertical markets such as smart agriculture and environmental monitoring offer significant potential for LaaS providers. New business models based on data-driven insights and personalized services are also likely to emerge.
Major Players in the Location as a Service Industry Ecosystem
- Ubiquicom
- GL Communications Inc
- HPE Aruba Inc
- IBM Corporation
- Google LLC
- Zebra Technologies Corporation
- Esri Technologies Ltd
- DigitalGlobe Inc (Maxar Technologies)
- Cisco Systems Inc
- Sewio Networks
- IndoorAtlas Ltd
- HID Global (Assa Abloy AB)
- Ericsson Inc
- Creativity Software Ltd
- ALE International
- Teldio Corporation
- HERE Global BV
Key Developments in Location as a Service Industry Industry
- May 2022: AT&T launched location-based routing with Intrado, improving wireless 9-1-1 response times by accurately identifying call origins using GPS and hybrid data. This enhances public safety and demonstrates the value of accurate location data in critical situations.
- January 2022: Catalina's partnership with PlaceIQ brought location-driven planning, measurement, and attribution to CPG retailers. This allows for more precise audience targeting, optimized media engagement, and improved ROI for brand campaigns, highlighting the growing importance of LaaS in targeted marketing.
Strategic Location as a Service Industry Market Forecast
The LaaS market is poised for robust growth, driven by continuous technological advancements, expanding adoption across diverse industries, and increased demand for location-based services. The integration of AI, IoT, and 5G technologies will further enhance the accuracy, reliability, and functionalities of LaaS solutions, driving wider adoption and creating new market opportunities. The market's growth is projected to continue at a significant rate throughout the forecast period, offering substantial potential for market participants.
Location as a Service Industry Segmentation
-
1. Location
- 1.1. Indoor
- 1.2. Outdoor
-
2. Service Type
- 2.1. Professional
- 2.2. Managed
-
3. End-user Industry
- 3.1. FMCG and E-commerce
- 3.2. Retail
- 3.3. Healthcare
- 3.4. IT and Telecom
- 3.5. Transportation
- 3.6. Oil and Gas
- 3.7. Other End-user Industries
Location as a Service Industry Segmentation By Geography
-
1. North America
- 1.1. United States
- 1.2. Canada
-
2. Europe
- 2.1. United Kingdom
- 2.2. Germany
- 2.3. France
- 2.4. Rest of Europe
-
3. Asia Pacific
- 3.1. China
- 3.2. Japan
- 3.3. India
- 3.4. Rest of Asia Pacific
- 4. Rest of the World

Location as a Service Industry REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 24.11% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Growing Demand for Geo-based Marketing; Technological Advancements Aided by Emergence of BLE and UWB for Indoor Services; Emerging Use-cases for LBS due to High Penetration of Social Media and Location-based App Adoption
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Trade-offs Between Privacy/Security and Regulatory Constraints
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. FMCG and E-Commerce Sector Expected to Witness Significant Growth
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 5.1.1. Indoor
- 5.1.2. Outdoor
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Service Type
- 5.2.1. Professional
- 5.2.2. Managed
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 5.3.1. FMCG and E-commerce
- 5.3.2. Retail
- 5.3.3. Healthcare
- 5.3.4. IT and Telecom
- 5.3.5. Transportation
- 5.3.6. Oil and Gas
- 5.3.7. Other End-user Industries
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. North America
- 5.4.2. Europe
- 5.4.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.4.4. Rest of the World
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 6. North America Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 6.1.1. Indoor
- 6.1.2. Outdoor
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Service Type
- 6.2.1. Professional
- 6.2.2. Managed
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 6.3.1. FMCG and E-commerce
- 6.3.2. Retail
- 6.3.3. Healthcare
- 6.3.4. IT and Telecom
- 6.3.5. Transportation
- 6.3.6. Oil and Gas
- 6.3.7. Other End-user Industries
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 7. Europe Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 7.1.1. Indoor
- 7.1.2. Outdoor
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Service Type
- 7.2.1. Professional
- 7.2.2. Managed
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 7.3.1. FMCG and E-commerce
- 7.3.2. Retail
- 7.3.3. Healthcare
- 7.3.4. IT and Telecom
- 7.3.5. Transportation
- 7.3.6. Oil and Gas
- 7.3.7. Other End-user Industries
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 8. Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 8.1.1. Indoor
- 8.1.2. Outdoor
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Service Type
- 8.2.1. Professional
- 8.2.2. Managed
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 8.3.1. FMCG and E-commerce
- 8.3.2. Retail
- 8.3.3. Healthcare
- 8.3.4. IT and Telecom
- 8.3.5. Transportation
- 8.3.6. Oil and Gas
- 8.3.7. Other End-user Industries
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 9. Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 9.1.1. Indoor
- 9.1.2. Outdoor
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Service Type
- 9.2.1. Professional
- 9.2.2. Managed
- 9.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 9.3.1. FMCG and E-commerce
- 9.3.2. Retail
- 9.3.3. Healthcare
- 9.3.4. IT and Telecom
- 9.3.5. Transportation
- 9.3.6. Oil and Gas
- 9.3.7. Other End-user Industries
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Location
- 10. North America Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 10.1.1 United States
- 10.1.2 Canada
- 10.1.3 Mexico
- 11. Europe Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 11.1.1 Germany
- 11.1.2 United Kingdom
- 11.1.3 France
- 11.1.4 Spain
- 11.1.5 Italy
- 11.1.6 Spain
- 11.1.7 Belgium
- 11.1.8 Netherland
- 11.1.9 Nordics
- 11.1.10 Rest of Europe
- 12. Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 12.1.1 China
- 12.1.2 Japan
- 12.1.3 India
- 12.1.4 South Korea
- 12.1.5 Southeast Asia
- 12.1.6 Australia
- 12.1.7 Indonesia
- 12.1.8 Phillipes
- 12.1.9 Singapore
- 12.1.10 Thailandc
- 12.1.11 Rest of Asia Pacific
- 13. South America Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 13.1.1 Brazil
- 13.1.2 Argentina
- 13.1.3 Peru
- 13.1.4 Chile
- 13.1.5 Colombia
- 13.1.6 Ecuador
- 13.1.7 Venezuela
- 13.1.8 Rest of South America
- 14. North America Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 14.1.1 United States
- 14.1.2 Canada
- 14.1.3 Mexico
- 15. MEA Location as a Service Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 15.1.1 United Arab Emirates
- 15.1.2 Saudi Arabia
- 15.1.3 South Africa
- 15.1.4 Rest of Middle East and Africa
- 16. Competitive Analysis
- 16.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 16.2. Company Profiles
- 16.2.1 Ubiquicom
- 16.2.1.1. Overview
- 16.2.1.2. Products
- 16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.2 GL Communications Inc
- 16.2.2.1. Overview
- 16.2.2.2. Products
- 16.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.3 HPE Aruba Inc
- 16.2.3.1. Overview
- 16.2.3.2. Products
- 16.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.4 IBM Corporation
- 16.2.4.1. Overview
- 16.2.4.2. Products
- 16.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.5 Google LLC
- 16.2.5.1. Overview
- 16.2.5.2. Products
- 16.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.6 Zebra Technologies Corporation
- 16.2.6.1. Overview
- 16.2.6.2. Products
- 16.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.7 Esri Technologies Ltd
- 16.2.7.1. Overview
- 16.2.7.2. Products
- 16.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.8 DigitalGlobe Inc (Maxar Technologies )
- 16.2.8.1. Overview
- 16.2.8.2. Products
- 16.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.9 Cisco Systems Inc
- 16.2.9.1. Overview
- 16.2.9.2. Products
- 16.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.10 Sewio Networks
- 16.2.10.1. Overview
- 16.2.10.2. Products
- 16.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.11 IndoorAtlas Ltd
- 16.2.11.1. Overview
- 16.2.11.2. Products
- 16.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.12 HID Global (Assa Abloy AB)
- 16.2.12.1. Overview
- 16.2.12.2. Products
- 16.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.13 Ericsson Inc
- 16.2.13.1. Overview
- 16.2.13.2. Products
- 16.2.13.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.13.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.13.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.14 Creativity Software Ltd
- 16.2.14.1. Overview
- 16.2.14.2. Products
- 16.2.14.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.14.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.14.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.15 ALE International
- 16.2.15.1. Overview
- 16.2.15.2. Products
- 16.2.15.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.15.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.15.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.16 Teldio Corporation
- 16.2.16.1. Overview
- 16.2.16.2. Products
- 16.2.16.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.16.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.16.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.17 HERE Global BV
- 16.2.17.1. Overview
- 16.2.17.2. Products
- 16.2.17.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.17.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.17.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.1 Ubiquicom
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume Breakdown (K Unit, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: South America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: South America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: South America Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: South America Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: MEA Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: MEA Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: MEA Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: MEA Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 32: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 33: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 34: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 35: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 36: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 37: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 38: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 39: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 40: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 41: North America Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 42: North America Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 43: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 44: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 45: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 46: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 47: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 48: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 49: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 50: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 51: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 52: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 53: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 54: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 55: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 56: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 57: Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 58: Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 59: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 60: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 61: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 62: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 63: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 64: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 65: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 66: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 67: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 68: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 69: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 70: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 71: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 72: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 73: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 74: Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 75: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 76: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 77: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 78: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Location 2024 & 2032
- Figure 79: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 80: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 81: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 82: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 83: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 84: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 85: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 86: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 87: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 88: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 89: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 90: Rest of the World Location as a Service Industry Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: United States Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: United States Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Canada Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Canada Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Mexico Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Mexico Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Germany Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Germany Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: United Kingdom Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: United Kingdom Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: France Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: France Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Spain Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Spain Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Italy Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Italy Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Spain Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Spain Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Belgium Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Belgium Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Netherland Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Netherland Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Nordics Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Nordics Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Rest of Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Rest of Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: China Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: China Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Japan Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Japan Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: India Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: India Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: South Korea Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: South Korea Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Southeast Asia Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Southeast Asia Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 53: Australia Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 54: Australia Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 55: Indonesia Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 56: Indonesia Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 57: Phillipes Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 58: Phillipes Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 59: Singapore Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 60: Singapore Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 61: Thailandc Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 62: Thailandc Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 63: Rest of Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 64: Rest of Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 65: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 66: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 67: Brazil Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 68: Brazil Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 69: Argentina Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 70: Argentina Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 71: Peru Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 72: Peru Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 73: Chile Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 74: Chile Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 75: Colombia Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 76: Colombia Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 77: Ecuador Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 78: Ecuador Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 79: Venezuela Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 80: Venezuela Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 81: Rest of South America Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 82: Rest of South America Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 83: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 84: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 85: United States Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 86: United States Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 87: Canada Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 88: Canada Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 89: Mexico Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 90: Mexico Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 91: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 92: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 93: United Arab Emirates Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 94: United Arab Emirates Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 95: Saudi Arabia Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 96: Saudi Arabia Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 97: South Africa Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 98: South Africa Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 99: Rest of Middle East and Africa Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 100: Rest of Middle East and Africa Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 101: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 102: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 103: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 104: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 105: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 106: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 107: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 108: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 109: United States Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 110: United States Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 111: Canada Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 112: Canada Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 113: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 114: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 115: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 116: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 117: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 118: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 119: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 120: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 121: United Kingdom Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 122: United Kingdom Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 123: Germany Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 124: Germany Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 125: France Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 126: France Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 127: Rest of Europe Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 128: Rest of Europe Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 129: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 130: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 131: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 132: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 133: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 134: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 135: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 136: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 137: China Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 138: China Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 139: Japan Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 140: Japan Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 141: India Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 142: India Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 143: Rest of Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 144: Rest of Asia Pacific Location as a Service Industry Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 145: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 146: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Location 2019 & 2032
- Table 147: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 148: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 149: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 150: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 151: Global Location as a Service Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 152: Global Location as a Service Industry Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Location as a Service Industry?
The projected CAGR is approximately 24.11%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Location as a Service Industry?
Key companies in the market include Ubiquicom, GL Communications Inc, HPE Aruba Inc, IBM Corporation, Google LLC, Zebra Technologies Corporation, Esri Technologies Ltd, DigitalGlobe Inc (Maxar Technologies ), Cisco Systems Inc, Sewio Networks, IndoorAtlas Ltd, HID Global (Assa Abloy AB), Ericsson Inc, Creativity Software Ltd, ALE International, Teldio Corporation, HERE Global BV.
3. What are the main segments of the Location as a Service Industry?
The market segments include Location, Service Type, End-user Industry.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 50.85 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Growing Demand for Geo-based Marketing; Technological Advancements Aided by Emergence of BLE and UWB for Indoor Services; Emerging Use-cases for LBS due to High Penetration of Social Media and Location-based App Adoption.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
FMCG and E-Commerce Sector Expected to Witness Significant Growth.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Trade-offs Between Privacy/Security and Regulatory Constraints.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
May 2022: AT&T announced the launch of location-based routing with Intrado to improve public safety response for wireless 9-1-1 calls. AT&T can quickly and more accurately identify where a wireless 9-1-1 call is coming from using device GPS and hybrid information to route the call to the correct 9-1-1 call center, also known as the public safety answering point, or PSAP.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Unit.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Location as a Service Industry," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Location as a Service Industry report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Location as a Service Industry?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Location as a Service Industry, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence